• Bargaining power of suppliers: The market is characterized by the presence of a large number of local and overseas raw material suppliers. Manufacturers can opt for different suppliers for different purposes due to variation in products. The procurement of raw materials depends on the special quoted prices and convenience of manufacturers. Buyers tend to switch from one supplier to another, due to the large presence of suppliers, thus leading to lower bargaining power of suppliers.
• Bargaining power of buyers: This market currently depicts low bargaining power of buyers. Moreover, buyers are less likely to integrate backward, as smart meters are differentiated products and are used depending upon the application area. This also indicates the lower bargaining power of buyers. Also, buyers of smart meters are not involved in bulk purchases, which further does not provide them any advantage to bargain with the suppliers on prices.
• Threat of new entrant: The adoption of smart meters relies largely on the specific requirement of end-users, which further facilitates the entry of new competitors. There is some adoption of specific brand names of smart meters at the global and regional levels. However, high capital investment is required for establishing smart meters manufacturing units, as the production of smart meters is majorly governed by sophisticated technology and its uses are regulated by different regulatory bodies. Product differentiation and legal barriers are the next important factors that currently pose a significant threat to new entrants.
• Threat of substitutes: End-users prefer efficient and cost-effective techniques to render smart meters to end-use applications. Use of smart meters is an easy way of energy conservation, communicating real-time and accurate data as well as to achieve proper electricity management. This portrays a low threat of substitutes for smart meters in the present scenario.
• Competitive rivalry: The market has witnessed a high level of competition leading to industry consolidation. Various smart meter manufacturers have launched new products for specific end-use applications such as residential, industrial, commercial, etc. Additionally, competitors present in the market are large conglomerates and are strategically diversified across the industry value chain, which has further intensified the competition in the smart meters market.

Three-phase smart meters vary in terms of power distribution with more reliability and efficiency and are thus used in industrial and commercial applications. The three-phase smart meters are majorly used in several applications such as:

• A three-phase smart meter is deployed for an extensive range of communication modules such as radio, GPRS, NB-IoT, 3G, GSM, and M-Bus. The integrated design of these meters helps the utility to make changes in the meter’s communication module without disconnecting and interrupting the power supply to the consumer.
• Three-phase meters have a seamless design and provide a flexible integrated interface to the DLMS/COSEM standard protocol for data collection
• Three-phase smart meters are connected directly or indirectly to 3 or 4 wired energy meters suitable for use in industrial applications. Compact structure, and a good liquid crystal display are some of the key properties of smart meters.

Population expansion, technological developments, and their adoption, and digitalization in industries have resulted in an increasing demand for electricity worldwide. Initiatives to set up heavy industries for economic growth by the legislative bodies has led to the implementation of smart meters in heavy industries. The rise in smart grid tenders and proposals at the regional level and strict mandates for replacement of traditional analog meters are considered to boost the demand for smart meters in the industrial sector. Additionally, governmental norms to phase out entire traditional meters into smart meters in several economies have surged the demand for smart meters in heavy industry.

In the light industry segment, high installation costs have limited the smart meters market growth to a certain extent. However, smart meters installation has onetime operational expense which is an appropriate measurement for energy conservation and energy management in light industries. Additionally, smart meters have controlled radio frequency (RF) emissions within the limits of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Moreover, several governmental benefits on smart meter adoption have a large scale impact on light industries.

The U.S. smart meters market is expected to be driven by growing requirements of ancillary services in various sub-regions of the country by 2025. The southwest U.S. sub-region is projected to offer favorable scope for market growth, owing to the increase in peak demand for industrial zones.

U.S. has some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the world such as petroleum, iron and steel, automotive and aerospace, electronics and telecommunication, consumer goods, chemicals, food processing, mining, and others. Also, leading in airplane manufacturing, U.S has large requirement for power. Since, growing concern for supply- demand gap for electricity and increasing reliability on uninterruptible power supply are some of the major challenges that are reduced by implementing smart meters in these sectors.

The industrial smart meter market in Europe is expected to be driven by strong development of the renewable power generation and electric vehicle sectors. Furthermore, due to the presence of a strict regulatory scenario and implementation of sustainability development policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the deployment of smart meters is expected to increase in the region by 2025. Germany and countries in Central and Eastern Europe are likely to provide lucrative opportunities in the Europe market.

Strong opportunities exist in ASEAN region owing to emerging opportunities in smart energy ecosystem in industrial sector. Moreover, rapid globalization and urbanization are encouraging industrial infrastructure, national electrification programs and enhanced electricity quality through AMI and smart grid environment. Hence, smart meters are an essential part reaching advanced electricity services.

Following the Fukushima nuclear accident, the Japanese government changed its energy strategy to put more emphasis on renewables, particularly solar PV. However, beginning in 2014, the grid ran into limitations on the amount of intermittent solar generation it could accommodate. In order to help integrate more renewable energy resources while ensuring safe and stable grid operation, the Japanese government announced strategic plans for reformation of their power systems to stabilize the future power supply and lower the costs.